超聲波除垢設(shè)備主要由超聲波發(fā)生器、超聲波震板、清洗槽等組成。超聲波除垢主要是利用超聲波電源作用是相應(yīng)的超聲波震子上產(chǎn)生超聲波能在液體中不斷通過(guò)空化物理作用使污垢物質(zhì)在超聲波作用下分散、疏松、破碎摧毀、脫落，不輕易附著在管壁上，從而達(dá)到了超聲波除垢的效果。超聲波除垢的原理主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

Ultrasonic descaling equipment is mainly composed of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic vibration plate, cleaning tank, etc. Ultrasonic descaling mainly uses the function of ultrasonic power source, which is generated on the corresponding ultrasonic vibrator. Ultrasonic can continuously disperse, loosen, break, destroy and fall off the dirt material in the liquid through the physical effect of cavitation under the action of ultrasonic. It is not easy to adhere to the pipe wall, so as to achieve the effect of ultrasonic descaling. The principle of ultrasonic descaling is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1、空化作用：超聲波的能量對(duì)被處理流體介質(zhì)直接產(chǎn)生大量的空穴和氣泡，當(dāng)聲壓或者聲強(qiáng)受到壓力到達(dá)一定程度時(shí)候，氣泡就會(huì)迅速膨脹，然后又突然閉合。產(chǎn)生一定范圍的強(qiáng)盛的壓力峰，局部的壓力峰可達(dá)上千個(gè)大氣壓，成垢物質(zhì)在壓力峰作用下，破碎摧毀懸浮于水中，并使已天生的垢層破碎使其易于脫落，這樣達(dá)到超聲波除垢的目的。

1. Cavitation: ultrasonic energy directly produces a large number of holes and bubbles in the treated fluid medium. When the sound pressure or sound intensity reaches a certain level, the bubbles will expand rapidly and then close suddenly. Under the action of the pressure peak, the scaling material is broken, destroyed and suspended in the water, and the natural scaling layer is broken to make it easy to fall off, so as to achieve the purpose of ultrasonic scaling.

   
   

2、剪切作用：超聲波幅射在垢層和管壁上及水中，因?yàn)閷?duì)超聲波頻率響應(yīng)不同，三者產(chǎn)生不同步的振動(dòng)，因此產(chǎn)生高速的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。因?yàn)樗俣炔钚纬晒笇优c換熱器管壁界面上的相對(duì)剪切力，從而導(dǎo)致垢層產(chǎn)聲波除垢的目的。

2. Shear action: ultrasonic radiation in the scale layer and pipe wall and water, because of the different response to the ultrasonic frequency, the three produce asynchronous vibration, resulting in high-speed relative motion. Because the velocity difference forms the relative shear force on the interface between the scale layer and the tube wall of the heat exchanger, the scale layer produces acoustic wave to remove the scale.

3、按捺作用：通過(guò)超聲波的作用改變流體主體的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)，能按捺水中離子在壁面處的成核和長(zhǎng)大。因此，減少粘附于換熱器面上成垢離子的數(shù)目。實(shí)踐研究證實(shí)，超聲波作用時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)防止成垢物質(zhì)結(jié)垢效果越佳。

3. Inhibition: by changing the physical and chemical properties of the main fluid through the action of ultrasonic wave, it can inhibit the nucleation and growth of ions in water on the wall. Therefore, the number of scale forming ions adhering to the heat exchanger surface is reduced. The results show that the longer the ultrasonic time is, the better the effect is.

另外氣體型氣泡的振動(dòng)對(duì)固體表面進(jìn)行擦洗，污層一旦有縫可鉆，氣泡立即“鉆入”振動(dòng)使污層脫落，當(dāng)固體粒子被油污裹著而粘附在清洗件表面時(shí)，油被乳化、固體粒子自行脫落，超聲在清洗液中傳播時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生正負(fù)交變的聲壓，形成射流，沖擊清洗件。

In addition, the vibration of gas type bubble can scrub the solid surface. Once the dirt layer has a seam to drill, the bubble will immediately "drill in" and vibrate to make the dirt layer fall off. When the solid particles are wrapped by oil and adhere to the surface of the cleaning parts, the oil will be emulsified and the solid particles will fall off by themselves. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the cleaning liquid, the positive and negative alternating sound pressure will be generated, forming a jet and impacting the cleaning parts.

同時(shí)由于非線性效應(yīng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生聲流和微聲流，而在固體和液體界面會(huì)產(chǎn)生高速的微射流，所有這些作用，能夠破壞污物，除去或削弱邊界污層，增加攪拌、擴(kuò)散作用，加速可溶性污物的溶解，強(qiáng)化化學(xué)清洗劑的清洗作用。由此可見(jiàn)，凡是液體能浸到且聲場(chǎng)存在的地方都有清洗作用，其特點(diǎn)適用于表面形狀非常復(fù)雜的零件的清洗。尤其是采用超聲波清洗原理技術(shù)后大大提升清洗質(zhì)量節(jié)約清洗成本

At the same time, because of the nonlinear effect, the acoustic flow and micro acoustic flow will be generated, and the high-speed micro jet will be generated at the interface of solid and liquid. All these effects can destroy the dirt, remove or weaken the boundary dirt layer, increase the stirring and diffusion, accelerate the dissolution of soluble dirt, and strengthen the cleaning effect of chemical cleaning agent. It can be seen that all the places where the liquid can be immersed and the sound field exists have the cleaning effect, and its characteristics are suitable for the cleaning of parts with very complex surface shape. Especially after using ultrasonic cleaning principle technology, the cleaning quality is greatly improved and the cleaning cost is saved

總之，水在超聲波作用下，當(dāng)超聲波能量足夠大時(shí)，即“功率超聲”能夠在常溫、常壓的環(huán)境前提下，使傳導(dǎo)介質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生短促的“空化作用”從而引發(fā)很多的力學(xué)、物理、化學(xué)、生物等效應(yīng)，達(dá)到清洗對(duì)象在流體中超聲波除垢目的。

In a word, under the action of ultrasound, when the ultrasonic energy is large enough, that is, the "power ultrasound" can produce short "cavitation" in the conduction medium under the premise of normal temperature and pressure, thus causing a lot of mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and other effects, so as to achieve the purpose of ultrasonic descaling in the fluid.